Q. U.S. businesses by gender, race, and ethnicity?

The Annual Business Survey (ABS) from the Census Bureau provides information on selected economic and demographic characteristics for businesses and business owners by sex, ethnicity, race, and veteran status. Included are all nonfarm employer businesses filing the 941, 944, or 1120 tax forms. The ABS is conducted on a company or firm basis rather than an establishment basis. The ABS is planned to be collected annually starting with survey year 2017.  Was preceded by Survey of Business Owners (SBO). Public use microdata is available for 2007.  Summary tables are available for 2012.  Also see the Business and Owner Demographic Characteristics portal. It highlights the programs and surveys that provide business and owner demographic characteristics for employer and nonemployer businesses and business owners by sex, ethnicity, race, and veteran status. The surveys and programs included are the Survey of Business Owners (SBO), Annual Survey of Entrepreneurs (ASE), and Annual Business Survey (ABS), and Nonemployer Statistics by Demographics (NES-D).

Also see the African Americans in Business and Entrepreneurship: A Resource Guide (courtesy of Library of Congress).